Molecular phylogeny of<i>Gyrodactylus</i>(Monogenea) parasitizing fishes in fresh water, estuarine, and marine habitats in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 is a genus of monogenean flatworms that is well-studied in Europe and best known for the destructive pathogen of Atlantic salmon, Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957. However, there is a paucity of information on species of Gyrodactylus occurring elsewhere despite that the genus is thought to be extremely speciose. Here we present the first major molecular phylogeny of Gyrodactylus using samples from host fishes in North America. Our aims were to characterize species and molecular diversity of North American Gyrodactylus to allow a determination of their evolutionary relationship with congenerics sampled from Europe. Specimens belonging to 25 species of Gyrodactylus and closely related species from Canada and the northern United States of America were identified using morphology and sequenced at 18S rDNA and ITS2 rDNA (totaling ca. 1430 bp). Significant molecular groups in North American Gyrodactylus were found to correspond to a major division in the genus based on the structure of the male copulatory organ. Results corroborate earlier findings suggesting that the genus Fundulotrema Kritsky and Thatcher, 1977, traditionally thought to be distinct from Gyrodactylus owing to the presence of a peduncular bar, falls within Gyrodactylus. The usefulness and application of the broadly conserved 18S primers as a standard tool for Gyrodactylus taxonomy is discussed and advocated.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".