Changes in Hypothalamically Mediated Acute-Phase Inflammatory Responses to Lipopolysaccharide in Diet-Induced Obese Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that inflammation may be a common underlying cause of many obesity-associated conditions. To test whether obesity changes the response to inflammation, we investigated its effects on the acute phase of the inflammatory response to an endogenous pathogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Diet-induced obese male Wistar rats exhibited an increased and prolonged fever response to LPS (100 microg/kg) relative to lean rats. LPS-treated obese rats also showed a greater increase in circulating TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 receptor antagonist within the first 8 h after LPS injection. LPS induced an increase in circulating leptin only in obese rats with no effect in lean rats. Analysis of expression of pyrogenic signaling in the hypothalamus demonstrated that obese rats show a greater increase in IL-1beta peaking at 2 h after LPS injection and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and IL-6 peaking at the 8-h time point. LPS-treated obese rats showed a significantly higher expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist in white adipose tissue (WAT) than lean rats, and WAT from obese rats incubated in LPS-supplemented medium (100 ng/ml) secreted a significantly higher level of IL-6. Overall, these results suggest that diet-induced obesity induces changes in the inflammatory response rendering the obese rats more responsive to the effects of LPS. These data also support the hypothesis that qualitative changes in WAT associated with obesity may contribute to these effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".