Osteoarthritis develops in the operated joint of an ovine model following ACL reconstruction with immediate anatomic reattachment of the native ACL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that immediate reattachment of the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can prevent kinematic changes and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Five sheep underwent anatomic unilateral ACL reconstruction (ACL-R). Animals from a previous study served as sham (n = 7) or non-operated (n = 17) controls. At 4 points of walking gait, 6 degrees of freedom stifle joint kinematics of ACL-R animals were compared with sham controls at 4 and 20 weeks post-surgery. Gross cartilage, bone, and meniscal changes were graded at euthanasia; paired and differential scores were compared. Inter-animal differences were noted in all groups. Of 48 points of gait comparison between ACL-R and sham operated groups, 42 points showed no difference (p > 0.05). Of the six significant differences (p < 0.05), internal rotation in ACL-R animals accounted for three. At 20 weeks, differential scores showed that sham operated joints were morphologically indistinguishable from non-operated controls (p ≥ 0.129) while ACL-R joints had significantly higher combined cartilage and osteophyte scores than those controls (p ≤ 0.003). This method of ACL reconstruction in sheep did not restore normal walking gait kinematics completely and allowed some OA to develop in operated joints. OA may result from relatively subtle mechanical abnormalities, apparently more so in some individuals than others.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".