Sediment Transport on Continental Shelves: Storm Bed Formation and Preservation in Heterogeneous Sediments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many storm beds are constructed of silt/sand layers interbedded with mud. The coarse sediment fraction originates from reworking of marine sands and/or erosion of the coastal active zone, which extends from fair-weather wave base to the beach berm or coastal dune. Observations and modelling studies show that some sand is removed from the active zone to the inner shelf during extratropical and tropical cyclones. On continental shelves that have large wave events superimposed on offshore near-bottom flow, this coarse material is incrementally transported across the shelf. Storm waves and swell sort this sediment during transport and thus produce storm deposits in water depths of 5-80 m. Observations of storm beds in the Gulf of Mexico indicate initial storm bed thicknesses of millimetres to decimetres. These observations are supported by event-scale numerical models, which also reveal the interaction of oceanographic and geological factors in generating storm beds. Historical records for hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico suggest recurrence intervals on the order of 10 years for storm-bed deposition. For typical Gulf of Mexico environments, a storm bed must exceed 10 cm in initial thickness in order to survive physical and biological reworking. These results are compared to a storm-dominated sequence from the Cretaceous system of Utah for which the preservation interval for storm beds is estimated to be 266 years. By using the recurrence interval for great storms from the Gulf of Mexico, a preservation rate of less than 20% is estimated for storm beds from the past.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".