Dose-dependent optical properties and laser damage of helium-implanted sapphire
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of single crystalline Al 2 O 3 samples are implanted with He + ions at different nominal fluences up to 1 × 10 18 ions/cm 2 at room temperature. The microstructure evolution and optical properties as well as laser-induced damage threshold are investigated. Optical microscopic images show that the density and amount of defects increase with increasing implantation fluence. In addition, atomic force microscopic images indicate that the surface morphologies have changed distinctly when the fluence reaches 5 × 10 17 ions/cm 2 and above. After helium implantation, broad purple and green–yellow absorption bands as well as an obvious photoluminescence band at 330 nm are observed, respectively. With the increase of implantation fluence, the intensities of absorption bands increase greatly, whereas the intensity of the photoluminescence band decreases and tends to saturation. The original strong infrared band shifts and broadens with increasing implantation fluence. The mechanism for the shift and broadening of the infrared band is discussed. After laser irradiation, it is found that the implantation fluence has great effect on the laser-induced damage threshold, which decreases significantly from 5.43 J/cm 2 to 4.62, 3.71, 2.64, and 1.80 J/cm 2 with increasing implantation fluence. A mechanism for the degradation of laser damage resistance is presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".