BTLA targeting modulates lymphocyte phenotype, function, and numbers and attenuates disease in nonobese diabetic mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The novel coinhibitory receptor BTLA may have a regulatory role in maintaining peripheral tolerance; however, its role in autoimmune diabetes is unknown. In this study, we show that anti-BTLA mAb 6F7 selectively depleted pathogenic B and CD4+ T(H) cells; enhanced the proportion of cells with the forkhead box p3+ PD-1+CD4+ regulatory T phenotype; and increased the production of potentially protective (IL-10) and detrimental (IL-2, IFN-gamma) cytokines in NOD mice. As interactions between BTLA and PD-1 coinhibitory pathways have been described in the cardiac allograft model, we also investigated if these pathways may have significant interaction in autoimmune diabetes. Anti-BTLA inhibited anti-PD-1-potentiated total IL-12 (p40+p70) production, suggesting the possibility that anti-BTLA may have a greater effect in the setting of anti-PD-1-triggered diabetes. To test this, NOD mice at 4 and 10 weeks of age were treated with anti-BTLA mAb, anti-PD-1 mAb, both mAb, or isotype control and were monitored for diabetes development. Although anti-BTLA mAb delayed diabetes onset significantly in 10- but not 4-week-old NOD mice, anti-BTLA mAb attenuated anti-PD-1-induced diabetes in both age groups. Hence, strategies targeting BTLA+ lymphocytes or therapies enhancing the BTLA-negative cosignal may prove valuable in treating autoimmune diabetes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".