Conceptualizing leisure self‐care in an exploratory study of American Indian Elders’ health beliefs and behaviours
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We describe the free‐time activities that emerged in the health beliefs and behaviours of American Indian elders in Northwestern Nevada utilizing a secondary data analysis of focus group data. Many American Indian health cultures maintain the need for a balance between body, mind, and spirit and represent a holistic view of health. We conducted focus groups with 19 American Indian elders aged 56 to 86 (17 women and two men) from three federally recognized tribes (two rural) and one urban tribal organization in Northern Nevada. The focus group data suggested that free‐time activities were an important aspect of the self‐care of elders living both on and off reservations in this geographical region. The elders’ health beliefs and behaviours centred on the physical and psychosocial benefits of being active/keeping busy during one's free‐time, social leisure, and leisure‐time physical activity, with multiple benefits described for some activities. The elders also described constraints to physical activities and arts and crafts primarily due to health limitations, as well as the negative aspects of free‐time particularly in regard to spending time with grandchildren and alcohol consumption. We propose that leisure self‐care may be a useful way to conceptualize the relationship between leisure and health as it relates to the opportunities, strategies, interests, and self‐identity of elders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".