Development of an Underwater Vision Sensor for 3D Reef Mapping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coral reef health is an indicator of global climate change and coral reefs themselves are important for sheltering fish and other aquatic life. Monitoring reefs is a time-consuming and potentially dangerous task and as a consequence autonomous robotic mapping and surveillance is desired. This paper describes an underwater vision-based sensor to aid in this task. Underwater environments present many challenges for vision-based sensors and robotic vehicles. Lighting is highly variable, optical snow/particulate matter can confound traditional noise models, the environment lacks visual structure, and limited communication between autonomous agents including divers and surface support exacerbates the potentially dangerous environment. We describe experiments with our multi-camera stereo reconstruction algorithm geared towards coral reef monitoring. The sensor is used to estimate volumetric scene structure while simultaneously estimating sensor ego-motion. Preliminary field trials indicate the utility of the sensor for 3D reef monitoring and results of land-based evaluation of the sensor are shown to evaluate the accuracy of the system
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".