Selective effect of tempol on renal medullary hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study assessed the short- and long-term effect of tempol, a membrane-permeable mimetic of superoxide dismutase, on renal medullary hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Tempol was given in the drinking water (1 mM) for 4 days or 7 wk (4-11 wk of age), and medullary blood flow (MBF) was measured over a wide range of renal arterial pressure by means of laser-Doppler flowmetry in anesthetized rats. In addition, the response of the medullary circulation to angiotensin II (5-50 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) iv) was determined in SHR treated for 4 days with tempol. Compared with control SHR, short- and long-term treatment with tempol decreased arterial pressure by approximately 20 mmHg and increased MBF by 35-50% without altering total renal blood flow (RBF) or autoregulation of RBF. Angiotensin II decreased RBF and MBF dose dependently (approximately 30% at the highest dose) in control SHR. In SHR treated with tempol, angiotensin II decreased RBF (approximately 30% at the highest dose) but did not alter MBF significantly. These data indicate that the antihypertensive effect of short- and long-term administration of tempol in SHR is associated with a selective increase in MBF. Tempol also reduced the sensitivity of MBF to angiotensin II. Taken together, these data support the idea that tempol enhances vasodilator mechanisms of the medullary circulation, possibly by interacting with the nitric oxide system. Increased MBF and reduced sensitivity of MBF to angiotensin II may contribute to the antihypertensive action of tempol in SHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".