Pain’s impact on adaptive functioning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pain interferes with the functioning of typical children, but no study has examined its effect on children with pre-existing intellectual disabilities (ID). METHODS: Caregivers of 63 children observed their children for 2-h periods and recorded in 1-week diaries: pain presence, cause, intensity and duration. Caregivers also recorded the children's performance of pre-existing skills during each period. Proportion of skills displayed when pain was present and absent was compared. Fifty caregivers completed a second set of observations when pain was present and absent. RESULTS: Comparison of the first set of observations indicated children displayed significantly more abilities (64%) when pain-free (Pain-Free Day 1), than when pain was present (54%; Pain Day 1). Children displayed 64% of their possible abilities during Pain-Free Day 2, but only 53% during Pain Day 2. Pain impacted all areas of function (communication, daily living, social and motor skills). Children's physical and demographic characteristics did not moderate the impact of pain on function, but functioning of children with more severe ID was most impacted by pain. CONCLUSIONS: Children perform fewer adaptive skills when pain is present. This could affect long-term functioning as well, through reduced practice of skills.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".