Preparation of a Modified Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disk for Solid Phase Extraction of Lead(II) Ions in Different Real Samples and their Determination with ICP-AES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A solid phase extraction and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for the determination of lead(II) ions with octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified by 4-methyl-N-{2-(4-methylbenzothioyl)aminoethyl}benzenecarbothioamide (MMAB) was studied. Extraction efficiency, and the effects of parameters such as flow rate, pH, type and the least amount of acid for stripping of lead(II) from the modified disks and break through volume were examined. The maximum capacity of the membrane disks modified by 4.0 mg of MMAB used was found to be 527 ± 4 µg of lead(II) ions. The preconcentration factor is 440 (for 2200 mL water sample and flow rate of 12 mL min-1) and detection limit of the proposed method is 85.4 ng mL-1. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of lead(II) ions in blood, spinach, bean, hair, milk, pepper and various water samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".