Clinical course of chronic hepatitis B (<scp>CHB</scp>) presented with normal <scp>ALT</scp> in Asian American patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The clinical course for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with normal ALT and with or without minimal histologic activity remains unclear. We assessed frequency, amplitude, disease activities, and associated factors of ALT and/or AST flares in this subpopulation. Forty-seven consecutive treatment naïve Asian patients with CHB were enrolled from two liver clinics between December 2003 and January 2013, who had normal baseline ALT by routine clinical biochemical testing performed 6 weeks before or after the liver biopsy. We defined a flare as elevation of ALT/AST above the upper limit of normal of ALT/AST. The mean follow-up was 37.6 (CI = 12, 88) months, and the mean age at entry into the study was 43.3 (CI = 19, 65); 22/47 (46.8%) were males; 15/45 (33.3%), HBeAg+; 68.1% had stage 0-1 fibrosis; 63.8% had grade 0-1 inflammation. During follow-up, 13/47 (27.7%) cases developed ALT flare at least once in a mean of 13.5 (CI = 2, 43) months after liver biopsy; ALT flare was not associated with baseline ALT level, fibrosis stage, inflammation grade, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load, HBeAg status, HBV genotype, HBV precore and basal core promoter mutations. 11/13 (84/6%) of ALT flares resolved during follow-up. 13/13 (100%) of ALT flares met AASLD treatment criteria, but only 6/13 (46.2%) were on HBV treatment. Serum ALT and/or AST flares occur frequently in CHB carriers who initially presented with normal ALT during pretreatment period. Thus, regular follow-up is warranted despite status of ALT/AST. No clinical factors were found to be associated with ALT flares.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".