Phase Noise of a Class of Ring Oscillators Having Unsaturated Outputs With Focus on Cycle-to-Cycle Correlation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents new theoretical results on the phase noise of a class of unsaturated ring oscillators. These new results focus on cycle-to-cycle correlation as a source of timing jitter and highlight its importance in contributing to the phase noise of these unsaturated ring oscillators. Because the outputs of saturated ring oscillators always reach the power supply, such cycle-to-cycle correlation is not present there. This paper presents an in-depth treatment of the two-stage implementation of these unsaturated ring oscillators. It is shown that the timing jitter of each quarter period of this implementation follows an autoregressive process. The results also include a closed-form solution for the power spectral density of the phase noise in terms of circuit parameters such as transistor sizing and bias currents, thus providing new design insights. Using this solution, this paper shows that, under a proper choice of circuit parameters, the phase noise can improve by up to 20 dBc/Hz. Simulations which verify the dependence of timing jitter on cycle-to-cycle correlation and also the 20-dBc/Hz improvement are performed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".