New waterborne polyurethane-based nanocomposites reinforced with low loading levels of chitin whisker
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New waterborne polyurethane (WPU)-based nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating low loading levels of chitin whiskers (ChWs) as the nanophase. The resultant WPU/ChW nanocomposites exhibited prominent enhancement in both strength and Young's modulus, and maintained an elongation of greater than ca. 500%. The ChW loading level of 3 wt% showed the maximum tensile strength (28.8 MPa) and enhanced Young's modulus (6.5 MPa), ca.1.8-and 2.2-fold over those of neat WPU. The active surface and rigidity of ChW facilitated formation of the interface for stress transferring and contributed to higher stress-endurance. As the ChW loading level increased, self-aggregation of ChWs resulted in a decrease in strength; however, the rigidity of ChW still supported the increase in Young's modulus, and the nanocomposites containing 5 wt% ChWs had the highest Young's modulus (9.6 MPa). This work enriches the research into achieving high mechanical performance of waterborne polyurethane-based nanocomposites by introducing a natural nanofiller, and this high performance 'green' bionanocomposites will likely have promising prospects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".