Are sperm traits of drones (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) from laying worker colonies noteworthy?
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
SummaryLaying worker colonies and small drones derived from the eggs of laying workers are a part of the complex reproductive biology of honey bees. This study was carried out to compare sperm traits of small drones from laying worker colonies (LWC) with those of large drones from queenright colonies (QRC). The drones from QRC (221.6 mg) were 50.4% heavier (P < 0.001) than the drones from LWC (147.3 mg). The mean volume of ejaculate of drones from QRC (1.01 μl) was 53% larger (P < 0.001) than that of drones from LWC (0.66 μl). The mean sperm number in drones from QRC (7.320 × 106) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of drones from LWC (4.425 × 106). Sperm concentration of drones from QRC (7.256 × 106/μl) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of drones from LWC (6.661 × 106/μl). In addition, the drones from QRC (33.155 × 103/μg) produced 3.189 × 103 more sperm cells per mg body mass (P < 0.05) than the drones from LWC (29.966 × 103/mg). No significant differences were found between drones from QRC and LWC in sperm viability and sperm length.ResumenLas colonias de obreras ponedoras y los pequeños zánganos procedentes de los huevos de estas obreras ponedoras son parte de la compleja biología reproductiva de las abejas melíferas. Este estudio fue llevado a cabo para comparar los caracteres del esperma de los pequeños zánganos de colonias de obreras ponedoras (LWC) con aquellos de grandes zánganos de colonias regidas por una reina (QRC). Los zánganos de QRC (221.6 mg) fueron 50.4% más pesados (P < 0.001) que los zánganos de LWR (147.3 mg). El volumen medio de eyaculado de los zánganos de QRC (1.01 μl) fue 53% mayor (P < 0.001) que el de los zánganos de LWC (0.66 μl). El número medio de espermatozoides en zánganos de QRC (7.320 × 106) fue significativamente mayor (P < 0.001) que el de los zánganos de LWC (4.425 × 106). La concentración de espermatozoides en los zánganos de QRC (7.256 × 106/μl) fue significativamente mayor (P < 0.001) que la de los zánganos de LWC (6.661 × 106/μl). Además, los zánganos de QRC (33.155 X 103/mg) produjeron 3.189 × 103 más células espermáticas por mg de masa corporal (P < 0.05) que los zánganos de LWC (29.966 × 103/mg). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los zánganos de QRC y LWC en la viabilidad de los espermatozoides, ni en la longitud de los espermatozoides.Keywords: honey beeApis mellifera L.dronelaying workersemensperm qualitysperm viabilitysperm competition
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it