Homeodomain POU and Abd-A proteins regulate the transcription of pupal genes during metamorphosis of the silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A cascade of 20-hydroxyecdysone-mediated gene expression and repression initiates larva-to-pupa metamorphosis. We recently showed that two transcription factors, BmPOUM2 and BmβFTZ-F1, bind to the cis-regulatory elements in the promoter of the gene coding for cuticle protein, BmWCP4, and regulate its expression during Bombyx mori metamorphosis. Here we show that down-regulation of BmPOUM2 expression by RNA interference during the wandering stage resulted in failure to complete metamorphosis. The thorax epidermis of RNA interference-treated larvae became transparent, wing disc growth and differentiation were arrested, and the larvae failed to spin cocoons. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that expression of the genes coding for pupal-specific wing cuticle proteins BmWCP1, BmWCP2, BmWCP3, BmWCP4, BmWCP5, BmWCP6, BmWCP8, and BmWCP9 were down-regulated in BmPOUM2 dsRNA-treated animals, whereas overexpression of BmPOUM2 protein increased the expression of BmWCP4, BmWCP5, BmWCP6, BmWCP7, and BmWCP8. Pull-down assays, far-Western blot, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the BmPOUM2 protein interacted with another homeodomain transcription factor, BmAbd-A, to induce the expression of BmWCP4. Immunohistochemical localization of BmPOUM2, BmAbd-A, and BmWCP4 proteins revealed that BmAbd-A and BmPOUM2 proteins are colocalized in the wing disc cell nuclei, whereas BmWCP4 protein is localized in the cytoplasm. Together these data suggest that BmPOUM2 interacts with the homeodomain transcription factor BmAbd-A and regulates the expression of BmWCP4 and probably other BmWCPs to complete the larva-to-pupa transformation. Although homeodomain proteins are known to regulate embryonic development, this study showed that these proteins also regulate metamorphosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".