Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by Using Bioabsorbable Femoral Cross Pins: MR Imaging Findings at Follow-up and Comparison with Clinical Findings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of imaging findings and complications related to bioabsorbable femoral cross pins at follow-up magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and compare these MR imaging findings with clinical evaluation findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and informed consent was waived. Follow-up MR imaging studies (average, 26 months after surgery) in 218 patients with prior ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. Cross-pin fracture, posterior transcortical breach, migration, resorption, and lateral prominence of cross pins, as well as the cross-pin angle relative to the transepicondylar line, were investigated on MR images. The clinical evaluation included Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift tests, as well as assessment for joint tenderness. RESULTS: Fracture, posterior transcortical breach, migration, and lateral prominence of cross pins were excluded from analysis when at least one cross pin was completely resorbed (n = 16 patients). Forty-five fractured cross pins were seen in 35 (17%) of 202 patients. The posterior femoral cortex was breached in 57 (28%) of 202 patients. Migration of fractured pin fragments occurred in 12 (6%) of 202 patients. There was a significant relationship between fractures and posterior breach of cross pins (P = .001), as well as between cross-pin angles and fractures (P = .002). Both cross pins were completely resorbed in 12 (6%) of 218 patients (average time since surgery, 53 months; range, 8-92 months). No significant association was found between any MR imaging finding related to cross pins and clinical test findings. CONCLUSION: Fracture and posterior transcortical breach of bioabsorbable femoral cross pins, commonly seen at follow-up MR imaging studies, do not correlate with clinical findings of joint instability or pain. Posteriorly angulated cross pins and posterior transcortical breach are significantly associated with cross-pin fractures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".