A novel fluidized and induction heated microreactor for catalyst testing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The jiggled bed reactor (JBR) is a state‐of‐the‐art batch fluidized microreactor designed and developed to test catalysts for endothermic reactions. The solid particles in the microreactor are mechanically fluidized by agitating the reactor using a linear pneumatic actuator. An external induction field heats up vertical metal wires installed inside the reactor bed to generate heat rapidly and uniformly within the bed of solid particles, while eliminating hot spots and large temperature gradients. Image and signal processing techniques were utilized to investigate how the fluidization dynamics of the solid particles are affected by the amplitude and frequency of the vibrations, and the size distribution and the mass of the particles. The results show that the microreactor is very flexible: operating conditions can be optimized to successfully fluidize any type of catalyst. Heat‐transfer coefficients between heating surfaces and the bed are similar to the coefficients that could be obtained in a well‐bubbling fluidized bed. This confirms the excellent quality of the fluidization achieved with the new JBR. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 60: 3107–3122, 2014
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".