Cortical Allograft and Endoprosthesis for Limb‐Sparing Surgery in Dogs with Distal Radial Osteosarcoma: A Prospective Clinical Comparison of Two Different Limb‐Sparing Techniques
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare surgical and oncologic outcome in dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA) of the distal aspect of the radius treated with limb-sparing surgery, using either a cortical allograft or endoprosthesis, and postoperative chemotherapy; and to evaluate predictive factors for outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS: Dogs (n = 20) with spontaneous, non-metastatic OSA of the distal aspect of the radius. METHODS: Dogs were prospectively randomized for limb-sparing surgery with either a cortical allograft (n = 10) or endoprosthesis (10) and full-course adjuvant chemotherapy using single or dual agent protocols of cisplatin, carboplatin, and/or doxorubicin. Surgical (intraoperative findings, postoperative infection, construct failure) and oncologic (local tumor recurrence, metastasis, survival) outcomes were compared. The influence of intraoperative and postoperative variables on surgical and oncologic outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: No clinically significant differences in surgical and oncologic outcome were detected between groups. The percentage of radius replaced by the implant was significantly greater in the endoprosthesis group (60.9% compared with 48.6%, P = .008). Median survival time (MST) for dogs with construct failure, regardless of implant type, was 685 days and significantly greater than MST of dogs without construct failure (322 days, P = .042; hazard ratio [HR] 16.82). Median metastasis-free interval and MST (685 days versus 289 days; P = .034, HR 24.58) were significantly greater in dogs with postoperative infection. Disease-free and overall limb-salvage rates were 70% and 85%, respectively. Overall MST was 430 days. CONCLUSIONS: For dogs with OSA of the distal aspect of the radius, a cortical allograft or endoprosthesis can be used for limb-sparing surgery. Construct failure and postoperative infection significantly improve survival time regardless of implant type. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An endoprosthesis is an attractive alternative to cortical allografts for limb-salvage of the distal aspect of the radius in dogs because surgical and oncologic outcomes are similar, but the endoprosthesis is an immediately available off-the-shelf implant which is not complicated by the bone harvesting and banking requirements associated with cortical allografts. Mechanisms whereby postoperative infection improves survival time requires further investigation and, if elucidated, may provide the opportunity to improve the outcome of dogs and humans with OSA.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it