How to: Bronchial thermoplasty in asthma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Educational aims To provide an overview on how to perform bronchial thermoplasty for the treatment of asthma To summarise the development, mode of action and evidence for the effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty as well as its place in the management of asthma Summary Bronchial thermoplasty, which involves the delivery of radio frequency energy to the airways, is a nonpharmacological intervention developed for the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma. The mode of action of bronchial thermoplasty is not established, but could be due to reduction in airway smooth muscle mass induced by thermal energy. Bronchial thermoplasty results in modest improvements in asthma quality of life questionnaire scores and clinically worthwhile reductions in severe exacerbations and emergency department visits in the year post-treatment, which may persist for up to 5 years. The procedure involves systematic, controlled heating of the airways using dedicated radiofrequency equipment during a series of three bronchoscopy sessions. Bronchial thermoplasty causes short-term increases in asthma-related morbidity, including hospital admissions. Follow-up data, to date, supports the long-term safety of the procedure. Bronchial thermoplasty is a novel treatment option for selected patients with moderate-to-severe asthma that is poorly controlled despite maximal therapy. Key points Bronchial thermoplasty, which involves the delivery of radio frequency energy to the airways, is a nonpharmacological intervention developed for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe asthma that is poorly controlled despite maximal therapy Randomised controlled clinical trials of bronchial thermoplasty in patients with moderate and severe asthma have shown modest improvements in asthma quality of life and clinically worthwhile reductions in severe exacerbations and emergency department visits The treatment involves three bronchoscopy sessions with repeated, precise and carefully recorded activations of a radiofrequency catheter within the medium and large airways Bronchial thermoplasty causes short-term increases in asthma-related morbidity including increased admissions to hospital for asthma; follow-up data, to date, supports the longterm safety of the procedure
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".