Detection and Partial Characterization of Tenuiviruses from Black Spruce
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Filamentous viral ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) 12 to 16 nm in diameter and 100 to 1,260 nm in length, and characteristic of the genus Tenuivirus, were detected by transmission electron microscopy in purified extracts of needles collected from two mature, asymptomatic black spruce (Picea mariana) trees in New York, but not in extracts of needles from nursery seedlings. Purified RNPs from one tree had a buoyant density in CsCl = 1.39 g/cm3 and an A 260/280 = 1.436. Four ssRNA segments of 1.3, 2.1, 2.3, and 3.5 kb, but not the 8- to 9-kb fragment characteristic of most tenuiviruses, were detected in purified RNA extracts. Amplification products of the expected size were observed when RNA extracts from the two spruce trees and Maize stripe tenuivirus (MStpV), but not from tobacco, Chenopodium quinoa, or spruce seedlings were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers to the p3 open reading frame (ORF) of MStpV vRNA 3. However, only MStpV amplified when primers to the nucleocapsid ORF (pc3 ORF on vcRNA 3) were used. Similarly, only MStpV amplified by immunocapture polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using antiserum to MStpV and primers to the p3 ORF. Sequence comparisons suggest that two distinct tenuiviruses occur in black spruce, one more closely related to MStpV than the other. One of these tenuiviruses was detected in one of 10 additional black spruce trees tested, but not in trees of six other coniferous species sampled in the Adirondack Mountains of New York.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".