Segregation, transport, and interaction of climate proxies in polycrystalline ice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The most detailed records of the Earth's climate during the past few hundred millennia are derived from ice cores retrieved from Greenland and Antarctica. The analyses of these records assume that the distributions of the trace constituents that are used as proxies for past climate have not significantly altered since deposition at the surface, and yet careful studies, at high spatial resolution, have identified core segments where appreciable post-depositional changes have occurred. To improve the reliability and resolution of paleoclimate interpretations, we have examined the mechanisms underlying the transport and interaction of climate proxies in polycrystalline ice, many of which are soluble impurities that are found principally in premelted liquid that lines the boundaries between ice grains. We find that the rate of post-depositional alteration depends critically on where the trace constituents reside; whether in the premelted liquid, in which case they exert a controlling influence on the total volume fraction of liquid that is present, or in the grains themselves. In the former case, the premelted liquid reservoir contains the principle conduits through which many of the impurities are transported and interact, and in the latter case, the temporal evolution of impurity concentration is both slower and more complex. We provide quantitative models that describe these processes and highlight the importance of impurity segregation for our understanding of past climates. PACS Nos.: 66.30Jt, 91.60Ed, 92.40Sn, 92.40Vq, 92.70-j
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".