Correlation of Lg Amplitude Ratios from Peaceful Nuclear Explosions to Crustal Structure in Northern Eurasia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because the Lg phase is strongly affected by the variations of crustal structure in some areas, understanding these factors is important for nuclear test monitoring. This study examines the effects of regional tectonic structure on Lg propagation by using the Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (pne) profiles in Russia. The logarithms of Lg / Sn and Lg / Pcoda pne-amplitude ratios within the 0.5- to 3-Hz frequency band are measured and correlated with the regional crustal structures. Both ratios are found to decrease within the areas with thick, low-velocity sedimentary cover and across tectonic boundaries with abrupt variations of crustal thickness. For the offset derivatives of both the logarithmic ratios, a linear relationship to the slopes of the Moho and the vertical travel times within the sedimentary cover is determined. A strong negative slope is observed along both crustal thinning and crustal thickening segments, and a positive slope follows the negative slope across a crustal thickening segment. Therefore, crustal thinning appears to affect the Lg propagation stronger than crustal thickening, which could be due to focusing Lg energy within the crustal wave guide. The log-amplitude regression provided in this article could be useful for predicting Lg behavior in areas where amplitude measurements are not available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".