Statistical variability of the geochemistry and mineralogy of soils in the Maritime Provinces of Canada and part of the Northeast United States
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A soil geochemical survey in the Maritime Provinces of Canada and part of the Northeast United States was completed for the North American Soil Geochemistry Landscapes Project. Soil samples, derived largely from unsorted glacial till, were collected over 349 sites, from 0 to 5 cm depth (regardless of horizon), A-, and C-horizons. The 0 to 5 cm depth interval represents the soil of interest in health risk assessments and is termed the Public Health (PH-) layer. The <2 mm fraction of each sample was analysed for a broad suite of major and trace elements using a near-total four-acid digestion, and major mineralogical components were determined by quantitative X-ray diffraction. Multivariate statistical analyses of the logcentred soil geochemistry from the PH-layer and the two soil horizons, and of the soil mineralogy from the A- and C-horizons, reveal distinctive inter-element relationships from deeper soil (represented by the C-horizon) upwards into topsoil (represented by the A-horizon and PH-layer). Statistical dispersion of several elements increases upwards in the soil profile. Maximum data dispersion occurs in the PH-layer and A-horizon soils. Elements including S, P, Pb, Hg, Cd, Se, Mo, Sb, Bi and Sn are relatively enriched in the PH-layer and A-horizon, and are positively correlated with increasing organic carbon contents. The relative enrichment of groups of elements in the C-horizon, in contrast to those elements in the A-horizon and PH-layer, suggests a composition that reflects the geochemistry of the glacial till that is derived from the local bedrock. Elements such as Ni, Mg, Cr, V, Co, Fe and Sc, represent a mafic component of the parent material, and relative enrichments of K, Rb, Zr, rare-earth elements, Li and Al indicate a more felsic component. The patterns revealed by the application of multivariate methods to the soil chemistry and mineralogy are attributed to underlying geology, soil-forming processes, and anthropogenic activity, or combinations of all three factors. Both the soil geochemistry and mineralogy were tested in their ability to predict soil horizon and underlying bedrock lithology or time-stratigraphic assemblages. The geochemistry and mineralogy of the soils are both good for predicting soil horizon; however, the soil geochemistry is better for predicting the underlying lithologies/assemblages than the soil mineralogy.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it