Exhaled Ethanol and Acetaldehyde in Human Subjects Exposed to Low Levels of Ethanol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the increased use of ethanol-blend gasoline as an alternative to gasoline, there is a demand for new data to assess the potential health risk of ethanol exposure. Currently, there is very limited information from the scientific database on the adverse effects of inhaled low doses of ethanol (ETOH). The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of ETOH and acetaldehyde (ACTDH), a toxic metabolite of ETOH, in the alveolar air (AA) of subjects exposed to low ETOH vapor concentrations by inhalation. Five healthy adults (2 women, 3 men), nonsmoking, 25-55 yr of age, were exposed for 6 consecutive hours to 25, 100, or 1000 ppm ETOH and were asked to provide AA samples at various intervals during and after each exposure session, for ETOH and ACTDH measurements. Results showed that the concentrations of ACTDH and ETOH in AA measured after 2 h of exposure at 25 ppm were 0.06 ppm and 7.5 ppm, respectively. Overall, there was a significant correlation between ETOH exposure and ETOH (R(2) =.92, p <.001) and ACTDH (R(2) =.99, p <.001) in AA. The ratios between ACTDH and ETOH in AA after 4 h of exposure to 25.9 ppm, 101.7 ppm, and 990.8 ppm ETOH were 0.005, 0.008, and 0.006, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that inhalation of ETOH at low concentrations resulted in measurable levels of ACTDH in AA and suggests that ACTDH may be used, with good toxicological relevance, as an indicator of exposure to low levels of ETOH in air.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".