DNA Barcodes Suggest Cryptic Speciation in<i>Dasineura oxycoccana</i>(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Cranberry,<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>, and Blueberry,<i>V. corymbosum</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon is similar morphologically to D. oxycoccana from blueberry V. corymbosum, but a recent study revealed that individuals from cranberry do not mate with those from blueberry. To seek genetic differences between D. oxycoccana from cranberry (common name cranberry tipworm) and from blueberry (common name blueberry gall midge), we compared a 559-bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene from 65 individuals. Analysis of the COI sequences based on general time reversible with gamma distribution (GTRG) distance model revealed 10.7–13.1% divergence between cranberry tipworm and blueberry gall midge, whereas little divergence was observed within cranberry tipworm (0– 1.2%) or blueberry gall midge (0–1.3%) sequences. In neighbour-joining analysis, conducted for species identification, blueberry gall midge sequences generated in this study clustered with known D. oxycoccana sequences from National Council of Biotechnology (NCBI), but the cranberry tipworm sequences grouped into a separate cluster. To identify and discriminate cranberry tipworm and blueberry gall midge, we developed diagnostic PCR primers based on COI sequence differences. In a duplex PCR assay, these primers successfully discriminated D. oxycoccana originating from cranberry or blueberry. The concordance between data from our genetic studies and data from mating experiments by Cook et al. (2011) suggests cryptic speciation in D. oxycoccana populations on cranberry and blueberry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".