Increased Concentrations of Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub>During Post-Fracture Bone Remodeling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased concentrations of prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) correlate with bone remodeling. Studies using isolated bone cells indicate that PGD(2) may be implicated in the regulation of bone homeostasis, with a positive influence on bone anabolism. We studied patients with traumatic fractures and age- and sex-matched healthy controls as an in vivo model of increased bone remodeling. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with bone fracture and matched controls were recruited. Urine and sera samples were collected. Urinary 11ss-PGF(2alpha), a PGD(2) metabolite, and PGE(2) metabolites (PGEM), serum lipocalin-type PGD(2) synthase (L-PGDS), bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), and crosslinked C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX) were measured. RESULTS: At 5-6 weeks post-fracture, 11ss-PGF(2alpha), L-PGDS, bone ALP, and CTX were significantly increased in the fracture patients compared to controls. PGEM levels were not different between groups. Levels of 11ss-PGF(2alpha) and bone ALP were positively correlated, suggesting that PGD(2) may be implicated in fracture repair. CONCLUSION: These results support our working hypothesis that PGD(2) could be implicated in the control of bone anabolism in humans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".