A systematic review of the gonadal effects of therapeutic radioactive iodine in male thyroid cancer survivors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: For patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC), the gonadal effects of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is an important consideration. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: We systematically reviewed the controlled studies examining the gonadal effects of RAI therapy in male WDTC survivors. We searched in nine electronic databases. All abstracts and papers were independently reviewed by two reviewers. RESULTS: After reviewing 334 abstracts and 59 full-text papers, seven papers were included. In longitudinal studies examining the effect of single primary RAI dose activities of 594 mCi. Cumulative RAI dose correlated with FSH measurements at long-term follow-up. In one study, approximately one in eight men experienced oligospermia 1 year after RAI therapy. Rates of infertility, pregnancy loss and offspring congenital malformation were not elevated, but studies were limited by small size and self-reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in testicular function are common within several months of a single therapeutic dose of RAI for WDTC. Biochemical abnormalities usually resolve within 18 months after administration of a single activity of < 150 mCi of RAI. The risk of persistent gonadal dysfunction is increased after repeated or high cumulative RAI activities. Controlled, prospective studies, with long-term follow-up, examining male gonadal and offspring effects of RAI therapy are needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.013 | 0.017 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".