Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of thiazolidinedione (TZD)-associated congestive heart failure (CHF). As of March 13, 2004, one of the cases may represent the first description of TZD-associated cardiomyopathy in humans. case summaries: A 57-year-old obese white man with type 2 diabetes was treated with pioglitazone 30 mg/day and insulin. He had no prior history of CHF and had an excellent exercise tolerance. Over the first 4 weeks of pioglitazone therapy, the patient experienced significant weight gain and subsequently developed CHF and pulmonary edema. A 50-year-old obese white man with type 2 diabetes presented with cardiogenic shock. Rosiglitazone 4 mg once daily had been initiated 6 weeks prior to presentation. He had no prior history of cardiac disease, and investigations did not reveal a cause for the cardiogenic shock. Rosiglitazone therapy was discontinued on admission. He improved and was discharged 21 days later. DISCUSSION: TZDs are oral agents used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. TZD-associated CHF and pulmonary edema have been reported in patients with a prior history of CHF. These 2 cases highlight that this adverse event can occur even in the absence of any preexisting history of clinical heart failure or cardiac disease. The second case may represent the first description of TZD-associated cardiomyopathy in humans. In both cases, an objective causality assessment using the Naranjo probability scale revealed that the adverse drug reaction between cardiomyopathy and rosiglitazone in this patient was probable. CONCLUSIONS: TZD should be considered as a cause in the differential diagnosis of CHF and pulmonary edema in patients without a prior history of clinical CHF or cardiac disease. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the possible association between TZDs and cardiomyopathy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".