Kindling Changes Burst Firing, Neural Synchrony and Tonotopic Organization of Cat Primary Auditory Cortex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of electrical kindling, applied twice daily in primary auditory cortex on the neural response properties and tonotopic organization in the lightly ketamine anesthetized cat is presented. Kindling refers to a highly persistent modification of brain functioning in response to repeated application of initially sub-convulsant electrical stimulation, typically in the limbic system but here in auditory cortex, which results in the development of epileptiform activity. Kindling resulted in approximately two-thirds of the animals reaching a fully generalized state in 40 stimulation sessions. Multi-unit recordings were obtained from primary auditory cortex contralateral to the kindled site. Spontaneous activity of single units in fully kindled animals showed a decrease in the mean firing rate compared to sham controls, and a reduction in the rate of burst firing as well as in the mean interspike interval in a burst as compared with normal and sham controls. A 40% enhancement of spontaneous neural synchrony, as measured by spike cross-correlation, was found. Hearing sensitivity, measured by auditory brainstem response, was not affected by the kindling sessions. A profound alteration of the tonotopic map in AI was observed with a large extent becoming tuned to similar high characteristic frequencies. The percentage of double tuned neurons was significantly increased, nevertheless the frequency-tuning curve bandwidth was on average reduced. Thus, electrical kindling resulted in substantial alterations in unit firing characteristics and reorganization of cat auditory cortex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".