Research led by participants: a new social contract for a new kind of research
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<h3>Abstract</h3> The Common Eastern Bumblebee (<i>Bombus impatiens</i>) is native to North America with an expanding range across Eastern Canada and the USA. This species is commercially produced primarily for greenhouse crop pollination and is a common and abundant component of the wild bumblebee fauna in agricultural, suburban and urban landscapes. However, there is a dearth of pesticide toxicity information about North American bumblebees. The present study determines the acute oral toxicity (48-hour LD50) of cyantraniliprole (>0.54 μg/bee), flupyradifurone (>1.7 μg/bee), sulfoxaflor (0.0194 μg/bee), and thiamethoxam (0.0012 μg/bee). Compared with published honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) LD50 values, the present study shows that thiamethoxam and sulfoxaflor are 4.2x and 7.5x more acutely toxic to <i>B. impatiens</i>, whereas flupyradifurone is more acutely toxic to <i>A. mellifera</i>. The current rule of thumb for toxicity extrapolation beyond the honey bee as a model species, termed 10x safety factor, may be sufficient for bumblebee acute oral toxicity. A comparison of three risk assessment equations suggested that the Standard Risk Approach (SRA) and Fixed Dose Risk Approach (FDRA) provide more nuanced levels of risk evaluation compared to the European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) Hazard Quotient (HQ), primarily because SRA and FDRA take into account real world variability in pollen and nectar pesticide residues and the chances that bees are exposed to them.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.048 | 0.102 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.023 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.258 | 0.145 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".