Evanescent-Wave Fiber-Optic Sensor: On Power Transfer From Core-Cladding Interface to Fiber End-Face
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the enhancement of collection efficiency in fiber-optic evanescent-wave (EW) sensors is studied. Both theory and experimental results are presented. The key is to consider the roughness conditions at the end-face of large-core fibers. The theory is based primarily on ray optics, but for the sake of simplicity and accuracy, wave optics is also considered. Fluorescent light is coupled into the core of a partly unclad multimode fiber. Most power is carried to the unclad end-face by tunneling modes. Reflection from this rough end-face, which is modeled as a diffuse source, mixes the initial modes. Bound rays also play an important role, carrying the power to the other end-face. The amount of output power of the bound rays there is calculated. We also study the output power in relation to the surface condition of the far end-face, which may be smooth or rough. The comparison of these cases in terms of output power shows that a rough near end-face enhances the collection of coupled fluorescent light. In contrast, roughening of the far end-face while the near end-face is rough causes a transfer of the initial, mostly tunneling, modes to the radiation modes and decreases the collectable signal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".