Two-Tiered Inhibition of Axon Regeneration at the Dorsal Root Entry Zone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glial-derived inhibitory molecules and a weak cell-body response prevent sensory axon regeneration into the spinal cord after dorsal root injury. Neurotrophic factors, particularly neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), may increase the regenerative capacity of sensory neurons after dorsal rhizotomy, allowing regeneration across the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ). Intrathecal NT-3, delivered at the time of injury, promoted an upregulation of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 primarily in large-diameter sensory profiles (which did not occur after rhizotomy alone), as well as regeneration of cholera toxin B-labeled sensory axons across the DREZ and deep into the dorsal horn. However, delaying treatment for 1 week compromised regeneration: although axons still penetrated the DREZ, growth within white matter was qualitatively and quantitatively restricted. This was not associated with an impaired cell-body response (GAP-43 upregulation was equivalent for both immediate and delayed treatments), or with astrogliosis at the DREZ, which begins almost immediately after rhizotomy, but with the delayed appearance of mature ED1-expressing phagocytes in the dorsal white matter between 1 and 2 weeks after lesion, marking the beginning of myelin breakdown. After rhizotomy with immediate NT-3 treatment, regeneration continues beyond 2 weeks, but in the dorsal gray matter rather than in the degenerating dorsal columns. The ability of NT-3 to promote regeneration across the DREZ, but not after the beginning of degeneration after delayed treatment reveals a hierarchy of inhibitory influences: the astrogliotic, but not the degenerative barrier is surmountable by NT-3 treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".