Neurocognitive Development of Children Following In-Utero Exposure to Labetalol for Maternal Hypertension: A Cohort Study Using a Prospectively Collected Database
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of prenatal labetalol exposure on children's long-term neurodevelopment. DESIGN: A cohort study with matched controls using a prospectively collected database. METHODS: Participants were women counseled for hypertension in pregnancy at the Motherisk Program at The Hospital for Sick Children, and The Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada and their children. Mother-child pairs were divided into groups based on in-utero exposure to labetalol (n = 32), non-teratogenic substances (n = 42), and methyldopa (n = 25). The main outcome measures were children's Full-Scale IQ, Performance IQ and Verbal IQ assessed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in scores on Full-Scale IQ, Performance IQ, or Verbal IQ between children exposed in utero to labetalol and to non-teratogenic substances (Full-Scale IQ: 109.60 +/- 8.20 vs. 111.90 +/- 11.39, p = 0.647; Performance IQ: 104.80 +/- 8.69 vs. 110.19 +/- 12.91, p = 0.186; Verbal IQ: 112.27 +/- 11.05 vs. 11.21 +/- 11.98, p = 0.922, respectively). Children in the methyldopa group achieved lower scores on measures of Full-Scale IQ and Performance IQ when compared to children exposed to non-teratogenic substances (Full-Scale IQ: 105.24 +/- 12.46 vs. 111.90 +/- 11.39, p = 0.043; Performance IQ: 98.80 +/- 16.16 vs. 110.19 +/- 12.91, p = 0.002, respectively). Linear regression analysis revealed that maternal Full Scale IQ was a significant predictor of children's Full-Scale IQ (p = 0.020, beta = 0.229). Maternal Performance IQ and duration of treatment with methyldopa were significant predictors of children's Performance IQ (p = 0.028, beta = 0.232; p = 0.16, beta = -0.255, respectively). CONCLUSION: In-utero exposure to labetalol does not appear to adversely affect the neurocognitive development of young children. These reassuring results may aid disease management for pregnant women with hypertension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".