Identification of cocoons of <i>Apanteles</i> and <i>Dolichogenidea</i> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species attacking <i>Choristoneura fumiferana</i> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and associated Microlepidoptera
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We examined the cocoons of six species of the genera Apanteles and Dolichogenidea attacking spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, and Microlepidoptera in the same microhabitat in an effort to overcome taxonomic and ecological problems associated with the identification of these species when adults fail to emerge from their cocoons. Neither cocoon length nor width nor ratio of length to width could be used to identify the six species, owing to considerable overlap in these attributes among the species and the effects of the source of the cocoons. Using a simple technique to examine webbing characteristics of the cocoons, however, we found that each species has a unique banding pattern, determined by the manner in which the density of the webbing varies along the length of the cocoon. This pattern can be used to reliably identify each species. We describe and illustrate the webbing characteristics of each species and provide an identification key based on these characteristics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".