STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF Nb5+ IN DRY AND FLUID-RICH (H2O, F) SILICATE GLASSES: A COMBINED XANES AND EXAFS STUDY
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We performed Nb K -edge XAFS spectroscopy experiments on a series of model compounds, natural glasses and anhydrous and fluid-bearing (H 2 O, F) synthetic glasses doped with 0.1 to 5 wt.% Nb 2 O 5 . In addition, we decribe a new ICP–AES method to provide chemical information on micro quantities of glass samples. In dry, H 2 O- and F-bearing peraluminous and peralkaline glasses, Nb 5+ is present as NbO 6 moeties. These share corners with SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedra through non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms. No evidence for 4-, 5- or 7-coordinated Nb was found. Slight changes in site centrosymmetry were detected among the compositions (ordered in NBO-rich compositions, more disordered and distorted in peraluminous ones). In agreement with Nb 2 O 5 solubility experiments, bond-valence theory suggests that network-modifying cations such as Na are present in the vicinity of Nb. This environment most closely resembles those observed in alkali niobosilicates such as vuonnemite and labuntsovite-group minerals. In dry, peraluminous glasses, the sites containing Nb are disordered, as in columbite. Similar information on speciation was obtained for a set of natural glasses. The local environment around the Nb atoms is therefore highly sensitive to melt depolymerization, alkalinity and H 2 O, F contents, all of which will increase the solubility of Nb in the melt and explains a number of its geochemical properties in evolved magmatic systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it