Determining Rational Redundancy of 500-kV Reactors in Transmission Systems Using a Probability-Based Economic Analysis Approach: BCTC's Practice
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to determine a rational redundancy level of power system equipment based on a coordination among the electric energy market information, the total transfer capability (TTC) in the transmission system and the estimation of random equipment failures. The proposed approach includes the models of unavailability due to both repairable and aging failures of equipment, the calculation method of two discrete statistical distributions representing energy prices and export powers, and a probabilistic benefit/cost analysis technique. An actual example of 500-kV reactors at British Columbia Transmission Corporation (BCTC) has been given to demonstrate the procedure of the application. The results indicate that the redundancy level determined using this approach not only enables the utility to avoid possible losses in the income from energy sales and improves the profile of system TTC but also guarantees a high benefit/cost ratio in a financial justification of redundant equipment addition.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it