Primary Gastrointestinal Lymphoma: Spectrum of Imaging Findings with Pathologic Correlation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gastrointestinal lymphoma is an uncommon disease but is the most frequently occurring extranodal lymphoma and is almost exclusively of non-Hodgkin type. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma most commonly involves the stomach but can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the rectum. Risk factors for the development of gastrointestinal lymphoma include Helicobacter pylori infection, immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Although gastrointestinal lymphoma has a wide variety of imaging appearances and definitive diagnosis relies on histopathologic analysis, certain findings (eg, a bulky mass or diffuse infiltration with preservation of fat planes and no obstruction, multiple site involvement, associated bulky lymphadenopathy) can strongly suggest the diagnosis. Imaging also plays an important role in the detection of complications such as perforation, obstruction, and fistulization. The most commonly used imaging modalities are barium examination and computed tomography (CT). These modalities are complementary, although CT provides a better overall assessment of the disease stage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".