Bibliographic record
Abstract
Full and reduced order observers for a class of linear switched control systems (LSCS) are studied in this paper. A "sub-observer" is first designed for the i-th subsystem. Then, a switching observer for an LSCS is constructed by simply picking the i-th sub-observer whenever the i-th subsystem is active. In the case of a full order observer, when subsystems are detectable, the state estimation error can coverage to zero if the dwell time is large enough. Under certain conditions, the state estimation error may even converge to zero exponentially for arbitrary switching. Unlike classical linear systems where full order and reduced order observer can be designed under the same conditions, the design of a reduced order observer for an LSCS, besides detectability/observability, requires additional condition that the gains for all reduced order sub-observers need to be chosen the same. In such a case, similar stability results as those of full order observers are obtained for reduced order observers. Finally, examples and simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed observers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".