IRRADIATION DAMAGE IN MONAZITE-(Ce): AN EXAMPLE TO ESTABLISH THE LIMITS OF RAMAN CONFOCALITY AND DEPTH RESOLUTION
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crystals of synthetic monazite-(Ce), and foils of the same material 1 μm thick, were irradiated with 1, 3.5, and 7 MeV Au ions, with total fluences in the range 0.6–51 × 10 13 ions/cm 2 . The triple irradiation resulted in surficial structural damage extending up to ~1.5 μm into the samples. The irradiation damage generated was studied using Raman microspectroscopy. At low doses of irradiation, internal stretching bands of the PO 4 groups show significant broadening (reflecting a decrease in short-range order and increase in strain in the remnant crystalline volume-fraction of the radiation-damaged solid), which is accompanied by notable losses in intensity and shifts of bands toward lower wavenumbers. At the highest dose of irradiation, the material has become amorphous, and the “crystalline” PO 4 Raman modes disappeared. These observations, however, were only made in the case of the thin lamella prepared using a focused ion-beam system. The Raman spectra of the analogously irradiated, unprepared crystals are dominated by bands of apparently undamaged, crystalline CePO 4 . We assign the latter to the host crystal underneath the surficial, damaged region, which contributes strongly to the spectrum obtained because of the insufficient depth-resolution of the confocal spectrometer. Limits in confocality, and the related potential misinterpretation of spectroscopic results, must be considered.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it