IRRADIATION DAMAGE IN MONAZITE-(Ce): AN EXAMPLE TO ESTABLISH THE LIMITS OF RAMAN CONFOCALITY AND DEPTH RESOLUTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crystals of synthetic monazite-(Ce), and foils of the same material 1 μm thick, were irradiated with 1, 3.5, and 7 MeV Au ions, with total fluences in the range 0.6–51 × 10 13 ions/cm 2 . The triple irradiation resulted in surficial structural damage extending up to ~1.5 μm into the samples. The irradiation damage generated was studied using Raman microspectroscopy. At low doses of irradiation, internal stretching bands of the PO 4 groups show significant broadening (reflecting a decrease in short-range order and increase in strain in the remnant crystalline volume-fraction of the radiation-damaged solid), which is accompanied by notable losses in intensity and shifts of bands toward lower wavenumbers. At the highest dose of irradiation, the material has become amorphous, and the “crystalline” PO 4 Raman modes disappeared. These observations, however, were only made in the case of the thin lamella prepared using a focused ion-beam system. The Raman spectra of the analogously irradiated, unprepared crystals are dominated by bands of apparently undamaged, crystalline CePO 4 . We assign the latter to the host crystal underneath the surficial, damaged region, which contributes strongly to the spectrum obtained because of the insufficient depth-resolution of the confocal spectrometer. Limits in confocality, and the related potential misinterpretation of spectroscopic results, must be considered.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".