Modification of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes with PtRu/Graphene Nanocomposites for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the key fundamental reactions that occur at electrocatalytic cathode surfaces for fuel cell applications. Herein, we report the development of a series of nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and PtRu nanoparticles with different atomic ratios of Pt/Ru deposited on titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO 2 NTs) (termed as TiO 2 NT/rGO–PtRu) for the ORR. The TiO 2 NT/rGO–PtRu nanocomposites were prepared by using a facile one‐step electrochemical deposition, and characterized through field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our experimental results have shown that the synthesized TiO 2 NT/rGO–PtRu nanocomposite with a Pt/Ru ratio of 64:36 exhibits the highest electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR with an onset potential of 0.58 V (vs. RHE) and a high stability, which is promising for environmental and green energy applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".