Pacific Rim Population Structure of Chinook Salmon as Determined from Microsatellite Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Pacific Rim population structure of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was examined with a survey of microsatellite variation. Variation at 13 microsatellite loci was surveyed for over 52,000 Chinook salmon sampled from over 320 localities ranging from Russia to California. The genetic differentiation index ( F ST ) over all populations and loci was 0.063; individual locus values ranged from 0.026 to 0.130. The most genetically diverse Chinook salmon were observed from northern British Columbia, Washington (Puget Sound and coastal populations), and the upper Columbia River (spring run). Chinook salmon from the Alsek River, northern British Columbia, and the Klamath River, California, displayed the fewest number of alleles relative to Chinook salmon in other regions surveyed. Differentiation in Chinook salmon allele frequencies among river drainages and populations within river drainages was approximately 13 times greater than that of annual variation within populations. We observed a general pattern of regional structuring of populations, and Chinook salmon spawning in different tributaries within a major river drainage or in smaller rivers within a geographic area were generally more similar to each other than to populations in different major river drainages or geographic areas. Population structure of Chinook salmon on a Pacific Rim basis supports the concept of a minimum of two refuges, northern and southern, during the last glaciation. The distribution of microsatellite variation of Chinook salmon on a Pacific Rim basis reflects the origins of salmon radiating from refuges after the last glaciation period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".