Therapeutic Results of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Post Laminectomy Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives & Background: Post-laminectomy syndrome specifically refers to pain associated with symptomsnot relieved following laminectomy. This entity is a very disabling and hard to manage problem in patientsundergoing spinal procedures. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation has been introduced as a non invasivemodality for pain control. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of TENS in the management ofpostlaminectomy syndrome. No similar study has been performed in our country yet.Materials and Methods: In this study 35 patients among 85 serial cases with post laminectomy syndrome from2008-2009 were treated by transcutaneous stimulation. Age, sex, duration and type of symptoms, topographicallocations, radiological and the results, for pain control were analyzed. Pain degree determined before stimulationand then 2 hours and 48 hours afterwards using visual analog scale.Results: This study is based on the data from 35 serial patients visited in the senior author's clinic. 60% of thepatients were male. The average age of our patients was 49.5 years. The most common location was L4-5interspace (40%). Average pain score before stimulation was 7 and declined to the mean 5 after 2 hours and to 4after 48 hours.Conclusions: According to our study the successful results of transcutaneous stimulation occurred in 17.14 %after 2 hours and 22.8 % after 48 hours. In the management of postlaminectomy syndrome the patients needindividualized approaches. Further multicentric clinical trials are needed to generalize the results in thesepatients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".