Social versus genetic measures of reproductive success in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we assess the relationship between behavioural (social) and genetic mating success in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and the frequency of multiple genetic partnering in both sexes. We introduced groups of 13 ripe adults (7 males, 6 females) into four spawning arenas in the Weaver Creek spawning channel, British Columbia, and monitored their behaviour until spawning was complete. Genetic fingerprints of adults and offspring were determined with microsatellites. Both males and females spawned with up to four different partners. Only 4 of 24 females mated predominantly with a single male. Behavioural measures of reproductive success in males (social dominance, time as consort, number of female partners) were strongly correlated with genetic reproductive success (proportion of offspring sired and number of females mated with) but explained only 33–40% of the variance in reproductive success. Only longevity (spawning life index) was correlated with indices of female reproductive success. Behaviour provides a practical means to assess reproductive success in males but will underestimate the reproductive success of some subordinate males. Female reproductive success is more difficult to assess, because most females spawn all their eggs and there are no obvious behavioural or genetic attributes that can be used as indices of success.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".