Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents numerical and laboratory experiments to investigate slope failure characteristics and commonly used slope stabilization methods. Using an improved distinct element method, the interparticle adhesive force is incorporated with a modified numerical model to account for the effect of suction. The model is validated through laboratory tilting box tests. Calculated slope failure angles are consistent with experimental observations. Different patterns of slip surface are also identified. Furthermore, the modified numerical model quantifies the micromechanical characteristics of the interparticle network and their evolutions during shear deformation. The calculations show that the maximum ratio of shear stress to normal stress takes place when the contact plane coincides with the mobilized plane, whereas the minimum value occurs when it is parallel to the directions of principal stresses. On this basis, we propose the optimal installation angle of soil nails along the minor principal stress (σ3) direction. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated through tilting box tests. Two commonly used slope surface stabilization methods are also experimentally investigated.Key words: distinct element method, tilting box test, slip surface, optimal installation angle of soil nails.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".