Supplementation With Platelet‐Rich Plasma Improves the In Vitro Formation of Tissue‐Engineered Cartilage With Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the histologic, biochemical, and biomechanical properties of tissue-engineered cartilage. METHODS: Chondrocytes isolated from bovine metacarpal-phalangeal articular cartilage were seeded on top of a porous ceramic substrate (calcium polyphosphate [CPP]). Cultures were supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), PRP, or platelet-poor plasma (PPP) at 5%. On day 5, the concentration was increased to 20%. PRP and PPP were obtained through centrifugation of whole blood withdrawn from a mature cow. After 2 weeks, samples (n = 8) were analyzed histologically, biochemically, and biomechanically. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test (significance, P < .05). RESULTS: Chondrocytes cultured in 20% PRP formed thicker cartilage tissue (1.6 ± 0.2 mm) than did cells grown in 20% FBS (0.7 ± 0.008 mm; P = .002) and 20% PPP (0.8 ± 0.2 mm; P = .03). Cartilage tissue generated in the presence of 20% PRP had a greater equilibrium modulus of 38.1 ± 3.6 kPa versus 15.6 ± 1.5 kPa (P = .0002) for 20% PPP and 20.4 ± 3.5 kPa (P = .007) for 20% FBS. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was increased in tissues formed in 20% PRP (176 ± 18.8 μg GAG/mg) compared with those grown in 20% FBS (112 ± 10.6 μg GAG/mg; P = .01) or 20% PPP (131.5 ± 14.8 μg GAG/mg; P = .11). Hydroxyproline content was similar whether the media was supplemented with 20% PRP (8.7 ± 0.9 μg/mg), 20% FBS (7.6 ± 0.9 μg/mg; P = .37), or 20% PPP (6.4 ± 1 μg/mg; P = .28). DNA content was similar in all tissues whether formed in 20% PRP (11.9 ± 3.5 μg/mg), 20% FBS (9.3 ± 2.5 μg/mg; P = .99), or 20% PPP (7.2 ± 1.3 μg/mg; P = .78). Immunostained samples showed prevalence of type II collagen in tissues formed in the presence of 20% PRP. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of PRP in the culture media enhances the in vitro formation of cartilage, with increased GAG content and greater compressive mechanical properties, while maintaining characteristics of hyaline phenotype. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the in vitro effects of PRP on tissue-engineered cartilage may lead to the creation of engineered cartilage tissue with enhanced properties suitable for cartilage repair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".