Effect of Bt Cotton on Enzymes Activity and Microorganisms in Rhizosphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For three consecutive years Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton (var. Mech 162) and its isogenic non Btcounterpart were assessed for the risks of transgenic crop on the soil ecosystem under Indian subtropicalconditions. To observe effect of Bt cotton on soil biochemical properties, activities of dehydrogenase, alkalinephosphatase, nitrate reductase and urease soil enzymes were assayed at its different growth stages i.e., seedling,vegetative, flowering, bolling and harvesting stages. To observe effect of Bt cotton on soil microorganisms,number of nematodes, collembola and ants representing micro, meso and macrofauna, respectively wereobserved in Bt and non- Bt cotton plants rhizosphere at different growth stages.Results showed no significant difference (P<0.05) in alkaline phosphatase, nitrate reductase and urease activitybetween Bt and non- Bt cotton rhizosphere during crop growth period. However, dehydrogenase activity wassignificantly high (P<0.05) in the Bt cotton rhizosphere as compared to non Bt cotton rhizosphere through outthe observation period. At most of the growth stages numbers of micro, meso and macro fauna were more in Btcotton rhizosphere as compared to non Bt cotton rhizosphere. The temporal and spatial variations observed innumber of nematodes, collembola and ants between Bt and non Bt cotton plants rhizosphere were significant.The present study shows that the Mech 162 variety of Bt cotton was not posing any risk to soil microorganismsand soil biochemical properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".