Thermal Joint Resistances of Conforming Rough Surfaces with Gas Filled Caps
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An approximate analytical model is developed for predicting the heat transfer of interstitial gases in the gap between conforming rough contacts. A simple relationship for the gap thermal resistance is derived by assuming that the contacting surfaces are of uniform temperature and that the gap heat transfer area and the apparent contact area are identical. The model covers the four regimes of gas heat conduction modes, that is, continuum, temperature jump or slip, transition, and free molecular. Effects of main input parameters on the gap and joint thermal resistances are investigated. The model is compared with other models and with more than 510 experimental data points in the open literature. Good agreement is shown over the entire range of the comparison. Nomenclature A = area, m 2 a = radius of contact, m bL = specimens radius, m c1 =V ickers microhardness coefficient, Pa c2 =V ickers microhardness coefficient d = distance between two parallel plates, m F =e xternal force, N Hmic = microhardness, Pa H � = c1(1.62σ � /m) c2 ,P a H ∗ = c1(σ � /m) c2 ,P a Kn = Knudsen number k = thermal conductivity, W/mK l = depth, m M =g as parameter, m Mg = molecular weight of gas, kg/kmol Ms = molecular weight of solid, kg/kmol m = mean absolute surface slope ns = number of microcontacts P = pressure, Pa Pr = Prandtl number Q = heat flow rate, W q = heat flux, W/m 2 R = thermal resistance, K/W r, z =c ylindrical coordinates T = temperature, K t = dummy variable Y = mean surface plane separation, m z = surface height, m αT = thermal accommodation coefficient γ = ratio of gas specific heats � = mean free path, m λ = nondimensional separation ≡ Y √ 2σ
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it