Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that mediates responses to abiotic stress conditions and controls stomatal aperture. It is also involved in seed development and is associated with seed dormancy. ABA is biosynthesised in higher plants from carotenoid precursors and early steps take place in the chloroplast. ABA binds to PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE (PYR)/PYR1‐like (PYL) receptor proteins that are localised in the cytosol and nucleus. The ABA–receptor complex binds to and inhibits specific PP2C protein phosphatases. Inhibition of these PP2Cs results in activation of SnRK2 protein kinases that in turn activate downstream signalling proteins resulting in both short‐term changes in ion‐channel activity and long‐term effects on gene expression. ABA effects depend on influx and efflux carriers that facilitate movement between cells and through conductive tissue to coordinate responses in shoots and roots. Key Concepts ABA reduces water use and causes adaptive responses to water stress. One of the most important effects of ABA is to reduce stomatal aperture. ABA acts by binding to PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. ABA causes rapid changes in ion‐channel activity and longer term changes in transcription factor activity leading to changes in gene expression. Movement of ABA between cells and tissues is regulated by influx and efflux carriers on cell surfaces. ABA is synthesised from carotenoid precursors and early steps in the pathway occur in the chloroplast.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.019 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".