Itraconazole pulse therapy is effective in dermatophyte onychomycosis of the toenail: a double-blind placebo-controlled study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Until recently the traditional antifungal agents used to treat onychomycosis of the toenails, griseofulvin and ketoconazole, were generally ineffective and required treatment for a long duration. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of itraconazole (pulse) therapy (200 mg twice daily for 1 week a month for three consecutive months) in onychomycosis of the toenails. METHODS: A randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled Canadian study was conducted in 200 patients. To allow evaluation for efficacy, the KOH and culture had to be positive at baseline. RESULTS: In the itraconazole (n=78) and placebo (n=74) groups, the mycological cure rates were 61.5% and 28.4%, respectively (p<0.0001). The clinical success rates (clinical cure plus marked improvement) in the two groups were 65.4% and 1.4%, respectively (p<0.0001). The numbers of patients experiencing an adverse effect to itraconazole and placebo were 34 (34.7%) of 98 patients and 30 (29.5%) of 102 patients, respectively (attributable risk to itraconazole is 5.2%). The distribution of adverse experiences between the two groups was similar with respect to body system, severity, frequency and action taken. CONCLUSION: Itraconazole (pulse) therapy is effective and safe for the treatment of dermatophyte onychomycosis of the toenails. (J Dermatol Treat (2000) 11:33– 37)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".